The achievements of this paper show that although the legislature has taken a positive step to fill the gap of the Islamic Penal Code, it has not acted perfectly in identifying the criminal liability of legal entity. Articles revolving the issue in the new Islamic Penal Code are fully ambiguous and synopsis which have led legal community to criticize and put the criminal courts in real trouble for making decisions. It is necessary that legislature take some action in order to solve the problem.Legislature has adopted the stricter theory regarding the identification of legal entity (including the legal entities of public law and legal entities of private law). These theories are theory of ‘respondent superior’ and ‘BRAIN theory’. However, sentencing the legal entities to blood money is out of this rule and the first theory has been adopted.

Humanitarian concerns and its related issues have always fascinated the attention of many great people throughout man’s history and they possess a unique place in human relations. The concept of humanitarianism has been probed and discussed by many experts and scholars and a great deal of ideas and notions have been expressed on it.This concept possesses a very great and vast scope and it is impossible to be explored and explained in an article such as this. Probably, careful consideration and thorough explanation of a concept like humanitarianism demands a great deal of time and effort and needs meticulous research and investigation. However, one of the issues which is closely related to humanitarianism is the manner of the interactions of the governments and the ruling regimes with their subjects, The observance of people’s rights and their self-esteems by the governments may be among the greatest issues for those who have humanitarian concerns. The present article deals with this great and important matter, that is humanitarianism, in Imam Ali’s government and shows how Imam Ali (Peace be upon Him) paid attention to this important issue and attempted to observe human rights. The present article considers the famous letter of Imam Ali (Peace be upon Him) to Malik-e Astar in which Imam (peace be Upon Him) explicitly displays his concerns for human rights and gives advice for interacting with people. Imam cites some principles of human rights which the rulers should observe and this article deals with them. Some of these issues are: concepts such as being just with people, counseling people in the affairs of the society accepting the consequences of your behavior, and providing welfare and security for people. The aforementioned points were very important to Imam Ali (peace be Upon Him) and he emphasized them in his magnificent letter to Malek-e Astar which is treated in this article.

Action research is one of the manifestations of the research spirit of upbringing executives that connects theory and practice and improves the quality of educational activities. In order to develop their professional competencies, teachers can think seriously about what, how and why they teach, their classrooms and students, and collaborate to identify problems in the teaching-learning process. In fact, research teachers are those who think about teaching goals, and think and ponder to produce professional knowledge. The research method is analytical-explanatory, which used data, existing library resources and internal and external studies to collect information. In this research, while discussing the relationship between opinion and practice, to examine the scientific basis of teaching art, the importance and position of educational research among the main agents of the educational system and the role of teachers in THOUGHTFUL curriculum, background and types of research in practice, as well as goals, scope and The consequences of research during the operation were analyzed in the education system. The results showed that THOUGHTFUL action requires creativity and thought-provoking, and is incompatible with disinformation, loyal use, and no academic intrusion. On the other hand, a research teacher can always be developing if he is independent enough to make decisions and take responsibility for his own decisions.

The collaborative BRAIN Initiative (BRAIN Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies) was launched according to the aims of BRAIN Activity Map (BAM) on April, 2, 2013, with the main goal of mapping the activity of every neuron and cell in the human BRAIN. The BRAIN Initiative will be led in a synergistic activity by prominent scientific foundations and institutes in U.S.A, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the private sector. The ultimate goal of this initiative is “to accelerate the development and application of innovative technologies to construct a dynamic picture of BRAIN function that integrates neuronal and circuit activity over time and space”. Undoubtedly, through the BRAIN Initiative we can understand how the interplay of fluctuating patterns of electrical and chemical activity flowing within neural circuits creates our unique cognitive and behavioral capabilities. This attempt of the initiative is to follow an interdisciplinary approach and the development and creation of novel neurotechnologies and neuroimaging tools. The outcome will be generation of big data and a huge cybernetic platform which might be transformative for better diagnostic and therapeutics for millions worldwide who suffer from BRAIN disorders. The BRAIN Initiative has been linked to the successful Apollo Space and Human Genome Project.